?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? Machine Translation ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? Article ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????
????????????????? ????????????? (Machine Translation)
Machine Translation ????????? ????????? (????) ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????????
?????????????
?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? (Systran)??? ??????-??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? Metero??? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? European Commission?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????
????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????????? (?)?????
??? ??????? ???????? ???????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????????? (Direct Translation) ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????( ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????)
????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????
?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????
?????????????? Machine Translation ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????
Dissemination: The production of translations of 'publishable' quality.
?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? Pre-editing Input ??? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? Post-editing Output ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????? ????????
Assimilation
??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????
Interchange
?????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????
Database Access
??????????? ???????? Database ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??? Database ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? Google Translation ?????????? Application ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????
?????? ??????????? ????????? MT Engine ????? ???????????? Sublanguage ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? Individual Lexicon ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? Sublanguage (or) Specific Lexicon ?????????????? ????????
Controlled Language ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? (Pre-edited Texts)?? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????
Post-Editing ????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ???? Post-Editing ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? Pre-Edited ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? Raw ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? PE ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? Corpus ???????? ????????? Lexicon ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? Grammar ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? Direct Translation ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????
Lexicon Database ? ?????????????
Lexicon Database ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? Lexicon Database ? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? Lexicon Database ?????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????
???????? ?????????? Root Base ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? LD ?????? Meaning Oriented ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? Lexicon Database ??????? ???????? Machine Translation ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? Lexicon Database ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????
Corpora (or) Corpus
Corpora (or) Corpus ????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? Parallel Corpora ?????????????? Bilingual ????????? Multi lingual ???????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???? Corpus ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? (Subcorpus) ????????????
- Medicine,
- Religion,
- Business
- Huminities
- Computing
- Science
- Law
- Society
- Sport
- Arts
- Technology
- News
- Fictions
- Etc:
????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????-?????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ????????????
?????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? Tabs ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????? Capital ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????????
MT ?????????????????? Approach Method ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????
Dictionary Based
Machine translation can use a method based on dictionary entries, which means that the words will be translated as a dictionary does -- word by word, usually without much correlation of meaning between them.
Statistical Approach
Statistical machine translation tries to generate translations using statistical methods based on bilingual text corpora, such as the Canadian Hansard corpus, the English-French record of the Canadian parliament and EUROPARL, the record of the European Parliament. Where such corpora are available, impressive results can be achieved translating texts of a similar kind, but such corpora are still very rare. The first statistical machine translation software was CANDIDE from IBM. Google used SYSTRAN for several years, but has switched to a statistical translation method in October 2007. Recently, they improved their translation capabilities by inputting approximately 200 billion words from United Nations materials to train their system. Accuracy of the translation has improved.
Example- Based
Example-based machine translation (EBMT) approach is often characterised by its use of a bilingual corpus as its main knowledge base, at run-time. It is essentially a translation by analogy and can be viewed as an implementation of case-based reasoning approach of machine learning.
Interlingual
Interlingual machine translation is one instance of rule-based machine-translation approaches. In this approach, the source language, i.e. the text to be translated, is transformed into an interlingual, i.e. source-/target-language-independent representation. The target language is then generated out of the interlingua.
?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????
- ???????????????? ?????? (Source Language)
- ???????????? ?????????? ?????? (Target Language)
- ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????
- ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????
- ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????
???????? ??????? ????? ????????????
- ?????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? (Phonological Knowledge)
- ?????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? (Morphological Knowledge)
- ?????????????????????????? ?????? (Syntactic Knowledge)
- ?????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? (Semantic Knowledge)
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